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Storage Variables Affecting Sprinkler Design Modeling techniques have limited applicability to determine proper sprinkler design in warehouse buildings being designed today. "There are only very rudimentary calculation methods available with regard to the most fundamental aspects of sprinkler systems, i.e., the ability of water to suppress fires." 5 It is also worth recognizing that while hydraulic calculations are widely used in the design of sprinkler systems, these calculation methods only address water flowing through the piping. Unfortunately, a scaling factor does not exist "that would enable HRR values to be computed for stack/rack heights other than those tested." 4 Heskestad has analyzed a large series of storage tests, using mass-loss-rate data and values of effective heats of combustion to determine heat release rates, which are tabulated in The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering. Most of the sprinkler protection criteria for stored commodities were developed from full-scale testing that predated the availability of the heat release rate calorimeter. Use of heat release rates (HRR), compartment and zone fire models, smoke generation models, and other analytical methods have enhanced the ability to predict fire development and its effects.